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Question: Discuss about theComputational Intelligence and Informatics. Answer: Infrastructure In transport, sector different aspects play important roles to enhance fluent flow of elements on the sector. With the autonomous vehicles on the verge of implementation different aspects, need consideration to ensure full benefits are achieved (Wang et al., 2013). The road infrastructure need to have key modifications to ensure that there is proper communication between the autonomous vehicles and the available road network amenities. The networks available are meant to accommodate the manual and driven vehicles. This is likely to change with the introduction of the autonomous vehicles since they will have to create a clear communication with the infrastructure in order to ensure free flowing of the traffic. Interpretation of complex situations is key for the autonomous vehicles and the system. For instance, some lanes in the road network will be able to accommodate high-speed vehicles will others have low speed vehicles. The communication between the vehicles with the road networks will ensue that the autonomous vehicles are able to pick the correct lane (Siergiejczyk, 2015). Different incidents will be able to happen and the communication between the road infrastructure and the autonomous vehicles will be key for them to identify free flowing lanes. The autonomous vehicles need to maintain perfect communication to the infrastructure and ensure that the flow is maintained well. Different situations are likely to happen and the autonomous vehicles have to understand the changes so that they come up with perfect solution to address them. Autonomous vehicles need to be able to make the best conclusion on different situations on the road infrastructure and make viable conclusion, which will not contradict other vehicles on the system. The analysis of the different situations needs to be done well and ensure that the flow of traffic is maintained in an orderly manner. Additionally, different needs will need to be addressed and this will be able to dictate the key vehicles infrastructure communication and coordination. For instance, emergence vehicle will need to identify fast moving lanes such that they can use them to address the emergencies (Lytrivis, 2015). High-speed lanes will there need some clear identification which the autonomous vehicle will be able to detect automatically for them to use. The autonomous vehicles need to understand the conflicts which are created in the infrastructure and be able to come up with perfect solution to resolve them. Understanding what is happening to the infrastructure will enhance their operations and therefore changes on infrastructure are needed. The vehicles need to have special features, which will enhance the communication of the emergencies and ensure they are given way by the other autonomous vehicles. The autonomous emergency vehicles will therefore need to be able to understand the infrastructure a nd be able to direct themselves approximately (Seo et al., 2016). Upgrades to ensure proper communication is needed to ensure that every layout is well monitored and any challenges solved. The autonomous vehicles need to understand the road infrastructure layout and therefore ensure safe travel of the cars. The general infrastructure is able to play a key role on the safety of the transport system. The autonomous vehicles interaction and understanding of the system and infrastructure will ensure that they reach their destination safely (Sukuvaara Nurmi, 2009). Having barriers on the way is normal and therefore the vehicles need to have the systems, which will understand the barriers and have the correct solution to them. For instance, a pothole may found its way on the lane. The vehicles need to be able to detect the pothole and be able to evade it. This will ensure that accidents are avoided through the interaction of the vehicle and the infrastructure. The completely autonomous vehicles need to have the different option s and solutions to the available challenges on the road infrastructure (Tokody Schuster, 2015). This will elevate the safety measures of the users and ensure that autonomous vehicles are promoted. Special detectors need to be placed on such position where they will i ndicate the change in terrain and the level of change. This is a key element, which has to ensure the autonomous vehicles have proper and smooth flow on the infrastructure network. Moreover, the autonomous vehicles need some special factors, which will help them determine the terrain of the infrastructure, and it is align. This is clearly taken care of in the autonomous vehicles and it need to be done as well on the infrastructure. To clearly define proper flow, the road network needs to have the special features in cooperated to ensure that two way communication flow is maintained (Pozna, Antonya, 2016). The road infrastructure therefore needs special features which will enhance the operations of the autonomous vehicles. Proper communication is enhance when two-way communication channels are kept. The infrastructure available to designed to suite the traditional vehicles and therefore some key changes will need to be in cooperated. For instance, signals at the corners will help the vehicles to detect the change if direction and therefore make the decision on the change. The cars will be able to get any information of the infrastructure and therefore process i t properly and make the best decision to prevent accidents. Additionally, clear lines need to be maintained on the road networks to ensure that the autonomous vehicles are able to follow freely. This will ensure that collisions are minimized as the vehicles move from line to another. The clear marking will ensure that the respectively vehicles are able to maintain their lines and prevent any collusions. Keeping on lines is key for the transport sector to ensure accidents are avoided (Urmson and Whittaker, 2008). This will increase the safety measures on the transport sector. It is reported that unclear movement of the drivers out of their lines is able to contribute about 10% of the accidents on the roads. Upgrades on the road infrastructure will be a key element which with be done to ensure safe travelling of the autonomous vehicles. The major benefits of the transport sector and the use of the autonomous vehicles will be achieved if the necessary upgrades are done to ensure that the travel is safe and fast. The upgrade will enhance the move ment of the autonomous vehicles and make sure they reach their destination safely. References Lytrivis, P. (2015). A holistic approach for automated transport systems. In: iMobility forum plenary meeting, 21 October 2015, Brussels. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lytrivis POZNA, C. ANTONYA, C. (2016). Issues about autonomous cars. In: 2016 IEEE 11th international symposium on applied computational intelligence and informatics (SACI), Timisoara, Romania, 2016, pp 1318. doi:10.1109/SACI.2016.7507360. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=7507360isnumber=7507333 SEO, H. KI-DONG L., SHINPEI Y., PENG, Y. SARTORI, P. (2016). LTE evolution for vehicle-to-everything services. IEEE Commun Mag 54(6):2228. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2016.7497762. ISSN 0163-6804. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=7497762isnumber=7497754 SIERGIEJCZYK, M. (2015). Communication architecture in the chosen telematics transport systems. [Online]. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/37575.pdf SUKUVAARA, T. NURMI, P. (2009). Wireless traffic service platform for combined vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. IEEE Wireless Commun 16(6):5461. doi:10.1109/MWC.2009.5361179. ISS TOKODY, D. SCHUSTER, G. Y (2015). I2Intelligent Infrastructure. In: Schmidt P et al (ed) Reviewed proceedings fifth international scientific videoconference of scientists and PhD. students or candidates: trends and innovations in E-business, education and security, 129 pp, Bratislava, Szlovkia. University of Economics in Bratislava, pp 121128. URMSON, C. AND WHITTAKER, W. (2008). Self-driving cars and the urban challenge. IEEE Intell Syst 23(2):6668. doi:10.1109/MIS.2008.34. ISSN 1541-1672, URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=4475861isnumber=4475846 WANG J., ZHANG L., ZHANG. D. AND LI, K. (2013). An adaptive longitudinal driving assistance system based on driver characteristics. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 14(1):112. doi:10.1109/TITS.2012.2205143. ISSN 1524-9050. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=6236181isnumber=647071